A student writes 'led' for lend and 'jup' for jump. In terms of articulation, in what area does this child need instructional support?

A student writes 'led' for lend and 'jup' for jump. In terms of articulation, in what area does this child need instructional support?

• A. Vowels
• B. Nasals
• C. Consonant clusters
• D. Liquids

Answer: (B)

These examples show the child omitting nasal sounds in the middle or end of words. Saying “led” for “lend” drops the /n/, and saying “jup” for “jump” drops the /m/. Nasal consonants (/m/, /n/, and the like) are produced with air through the nose, and dropping them indicates a difficulty with articulating nasals. The vowel sounds stay the same, so it’s not a vowel issue, and the pattern isn’t about forming consonant clusters here but about producing nasal sounds themselves. Instructional focus should be on nasal articulation.

These examples show the child omitting nasal sounds in the middle or end of words. Saying “led” for “lend” drops the /n/, and saying “jup” for “jump” drops the /m/. Nasal consonants (/m/, /n/, and the like) are produced with air through the nose, and dropping them indicates a difficulty with articulating nasals. The vowel sounds stay the same, so it’s not a vowel issue, and the pattern isn’t about forming consonant clusters here but about producing nasal sounds themselves. Instructional focus should be on nasal articulation.